Facial characteristics such as shape, colour, symmetry, and expression affect perceptions of attractiveness, health, and dominance. Such effects are well-documented, however facial differences are hard to quantify and the discriminatory acuity of different facial features are unknown. I am using psychophysical techniques to determine sensitivity thresholds to differences in particular facial features and attempting to determine how much these features must be altered to change perceptions of various attributions.

I am working on my Ph.D. in the Perception Lab under the supervision of Dr. David Perrett. Before coming to St. Andrews, I completed my B.Sc. and M.Sc. at McMaster University in Canada, where it rains much less. My Master's degree was completed under the supervision of Dr. David Feinberg, a Perception Lab alumnus, and focused on the psychophysical properties of perceived vocal attractiveness and dimorphism based on pitch manipulations.

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